Orthopedic oncology is a specialized field of medicine focused on the treatment of tumors and cancers that affect the bones, cartilage, fibrous tissues, muscles, nervous tissues, soft tissues, and vessels of all ages of patients.

Orthopedic oncologist treats the full range of orthopedic tumors and cancers, including sarcomas, chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, metastatic cancer of the bones, multiple myelomas and other malignant bone tumors, benign bone tumors including osteoid osteomas, blastomas, enchondromas, fibromas, bone cysts, and giant cell tumors, and all types of soft-tissue tumors.

Malignant tumors usually grow faster and tend to metastasize, or spread to other areas of the body. Benign tumors have a much slower growth rate and may not need to be surgically removed for a long time, though they will need to be monitored regularly for growth.

Some tumors can be treated through non-surgical methods like radiation and chemotherapy. Others may require these methods in combination with surgical intervention, while some only require surgical treatment for effective removal.